SGQ4

QW's:

1. “The aims and policies of single-party state rulers rarely followed their declared ideology.” To what extent do you agree with this assertion?
2. Compare and contrast the rise to power of two rulers of single-party states, each chosen from a different region.

MWH 309-318

1. What did National Socialism stand for?
A. What were the movements four general principles?
i. The re-birth of the nation as a "national community"
ii. The organization of the masses under the social government.
iii. The state being organized with military in mind
iv. The race theory, that Aryans were superior to all other races.
B. What evidence suggests Nazism was a "natural development of German history"?
i. The same terror was seen in the 18th century with Prussian militarism.

ii.

C . What evidence suggests Nazism was a "distortion of normal development" of German history?

The ideals that made it possible for Hitler to gain power were created about 20 years before the First World War.
D . What evidence suggests Nazism was a bit of both?

Hitler was able to exploit the circumstances in which he was put.

2. How did Hitler consolidate his power?
A. Actions leading up to the March election of 1933
i. They used media such as the radio and the press.
ii. Senior policemen were replaced with reliable Nazis
iii. Meetings of all parties except the Nazis were wrecked.
B. The Reichstag fire
i. what happened?
A young Dutch anarchist burned and badly damaged the Reichstag building.
ii. what did it mean?
Hitler was able to use this to stir up support for the Nazis and against the Communists.
3. How was Hitler able to stay in power?
A. What was the Enabling Law?
A law allowing the government to pass laws without the Reichstag, sign agreements with foreign countries, and disregard the constitution in general.

B. How did the Enabling Law pass?
The Nazis planted the SS and SA outside the hall, chanting, "We want the bill, or fire and murder."
C. What was Gleichschaltung?
A policy that turned Germany into a Facist state.
D. What were the characteristics of gleichschaltung?
i. Germany became a single-party state.
ii. The power of the seperate state parties was replaced by a Nazi Special Commissioner.
iii. The civil service was purged of enemies of the state.
iv. Trade unions replaced by German Labour Front, no strikes allowed.
v. The education system was completely controlled by the government, resulting in an education with Hitler as the predominant subject.
vi. Pure Arayns awarded medals for breeding, Jews, gypsies and others forcefully sterilized.
vii. Minister of Propaganda appointed, all aspects of art, music and media controlled by government.
viii. How was the economic life of the country organized?
a. Industry success based on need, unneeded factories closed down.
b. Moving workers to where jobs were available
c. Encouraged farmers to increase grain output
d. Controlled food prices and rent
e. Manipulated foreign rates to avoid inflation
f. Introduced public works: Slum clearance, land drainage, motorway building
g. Forced exports on foreign countries
h. Manufacturing synthetics (rubber, wool)
i. Increased spending on armaments
ix. How was religion handled?
a. Catholics
Initially, it was accepted, but when parallels were run between the Hitler Youths and the Catholic Youth league, the Pope sent out the word that the Nazis
b. Protestants
Hitler tried to organize them into a Reich church, but they disagreed, becoming one of the few active resistances against Hitler.
x.

xi. Antisemitism
a. how was it legalized?
The Nuremberg Laws, which took away the Jews' citizenship, and did not allow them to marry a non-Jew
b. examples of the law being carried out
1. The Night of Broken Glass
2. The "Final Solution"
3. The Nuremberg Laws

E. How popular were Hitler's policies?
i. personal appeal - He organized huge rallies to help the idea of a new Germany.

ii. unemployment - Hitler managed to eliminate unemployment by creating posts with his new party, as well as the vacancies left by those purged.

iii. working people - Hitler made sure to give the working people benefits and keep them happy.

iv. upper class - Because of Hitler, there were no more trade unions to bother with. They could also buy back shares sold the state, and now felt safe from a communist revolution.

v. farmers - Farmers were held in a special place because of the focus on self-sufficiency and food production.

vi. the Army -
a. officers - Hitler made clear that one of his aims was to set aside the restrictions of the Versailles treaty by rearmament.

b. lower ranks - National Socialist were beginning to filter into the lower officer classes

c. Night of Long Knives - The army leaders were impressed by how Hitler handled the Night of Long Knives.

vii. foreign policy - His foreign policy was a complete success, and more and more Germans began to think that he couldn't be stopped.