IBSL2 SGQ7
QWs:
Examine the status of women in two single-party states, each chosen from a different region.
In what ways did one ruler of a single-party state try to use education to support his regime?
MWH 369-378
3. How successful was Stalin in solving Russia's political problems?
a. What were Russia's political problems?
i. The government was unpopular with the public.
ii. Stalin and the Communists did not have complete control of the country.
iii. The non-Russian parts of the country wanted to be become independent.
b. The Purges and Great Terror
i. What were the "purges"?
The mass killing and/or expulsion of Stalin's political enemies.
ii. How were the purges justified?
1. Through Kirov's murder by a Communist Party member, which Stalin said was the beginning of assassination attempts against him.
2. Victims were accused of cooperating with Trotsky or plotting against Stalin.
iii. What was the Great Terror? How was it carried out?
The Great Terror was a series of mass expulsions and killings. Victims were put to work in labor camps for apparent treason, and "show trials" were held against former party officials.
c. What was the purpose of the 1936 constitution? How did it work in practice?
The purpose was to have the people choose candidates who we be part of new sections of the government. In practice, those elected had no power and consistently voted almost 100% in favor of Stalin's policies.
d. What was Stalin's two part approach for holding the union together?
a. What were Russia's political problems?
i. The government was unpopular with the public.
ii. Stalin and the Communists did not have complete control of the country.
iii. The non-Russian parts of the country wanted to be become independent.
b. The Purges and Great Terror
i. What were the "purges"?
The mass killing and/or expulsion of Stalin's political enemies.
ii. How were the purges justified?
1. Through Kirov's murder by a Communist Party member, which Stalin said was the beginning of assassination attempts against him.
2. Victims were accused of cooperating with Trotsky or plotting against Stalin.
iii. What was the Great Terror? How was it carried out?
The Great Terror was a series of mass expulsions and killings. Victims were put to work in labor camps for apparent treason, and "show trials" were held against former party officials.
c. What was the purpose of the 1936 constitution? How did it work in practice?
The purpose was to have the people choose candidates who we be part of new sections of the government. In practice, those elected had no power and consistently voted almost 100% in favor of Stalin's policies.
d. What was Stalin's two part approach for holding the union together?
i. He encouraged international cultures and languages.
ii. Moscow was given the ultimate power in all decisions, and discrepancies would be resolved by force.
ii. Moscow was given the ultimate power in all decisions, and discrepancies would be resolved by force.
4. What was everyday life and culture like under Stalin?
a. Why was life hard? i. food: Famine due to bad harvests
ii. housing: Rapid increase in urban population led to bad living conditions
iii. the nomenklatura: Special elite party members that were allowed privileges not available to the general public.
b. What signs of improvement were there?
i. Food supplies improved.
ii. Cheap meals and free clothing at factories.
iii. Free education and health care.
iv. More facilities for leisure.
c. The state, women, and the family
i. Why was life hard for women?
1. There was a high divorce and desertion rate.
2. They still had to manage the family.
ii. What two goals did the government have for women?
1. To be a part of the workforce.
2. To strengthen the family.
iii. What policies did the government adopt towards women?
1. More daycare centers were built.
2. Abortions were made illegal unless dangerous.
3. Maternal leave was allowed.
iv. What was life like for upper-class or well-educated women?
They were masters of th household only, and later learned some of the arts of war in case they needed to take over for men.
d. Education
i. What improvements were made to education?
1. Literacy was improved.
2. More schools were created and a law was passed requiring attendance.
ii. What were some of the goals of education?
1. To improve literacy.
2. To turn the young into perfect Soviet citizens.
e. Religion
i. Was was the Communist view of religion?
It was a way to control the masses.
ii. What actions did the government take towards religious organizations?
They slaughtered thousands of priests and rabbis.
iii. What was the people's reaction to those policies/actions?
They rebelled and eventually religion was allowed because Stalin thought it would be good for patriotism.
f. Literature and theater
Literature was not allowed if it portrayed the Soviet union in a bad light, and Stalin himself sometimes made corrections to books. A similar rule was made for theatre, where those who did not comply were killed.
g. Art, architecture, and music
Art was expected to portray happy workers. Permitted music was determined by Stalin's taste; he once ruined a very popular play with a bad review.
h. The cinema
Film was supposed to be simple but powerful, and incorporate Soviet values. Films that did not find favor with Stalin pushed him to write his own scripts.
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