SGQ9

MWH p.69-84

1. Relations between Japan and China
a. Japanese invasion of Manchuria
i. why? Japan wanted to control the province
ii. who supported them? who was opposed? China against, British League of Nations rep. for
iii. what was done? Japan was given Port Arthur and part of Southern Manchuria

b. Japanese advance from Manchuria
i. explain - Japan started moving into Chinese territory, controlled a large area politically and economically by 1935.

c. Further invasions
i. explain - Japan starting invading other parts of China, Prime Minister could do nothing
ii. what did the League of Nations do? Condemned Japanese aggression but could not act.

2. Mussolini's foreign policy
a. 1923-1934 (summarize)
i. Attended the Locarno Conference
ii. Friendly towards Greece, Hungary, Albania
iii. Cultivated good relations with Britain
iv. Recognized the USSR as a country
v. Supported anti-Nazis

b. after 1934 - how had Mussolini's attitude changed? examples:
i. Britain and France's refusal to mention the Abyssinian crisis showed how self-centered they were
ii. The Italians invaded Abyssinia
1. what did the League of Nations do? They condemned Italy and banned supplies, but not coal and oil, so the Italians were still able to defeat the Abyssinians.
iii. Mussolini sent help to Franco during the Spanish Civil War
iv. Italy joined Japan and Germany against the other European countries.
v. He participated in the Munich agreement
vi. Italian troops occupied Albania
vii. Mussolini signed a full contract with Germany which promised Italy full military support.


3. Hitler's foreign policy
a. aims
i. Destroying the Versailles treaty
ii. Building up military
iii. Recovering lost territory
iv. Bringing all German speakers into the Reich.

b. successes
i. Hitler carefully moved himself out of the League and the World Diarmament Conference.
ii. Hitler signed a 10 year non-aggression pact with the Poles.
iii. The Autrian Nazis killed off their chancellor.
iv. The Saar was returned to Germany.
v. Hitler re-introduced conscription.
vi. Hitler signed a pact with Britain allowing a navy that was 35% of Britain's size.
vii. Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland and was met with only protests.
viii. Hitler signed a pact with Japan and later Mussolini.
ix. The Chancellor tried to make free elections in Austria after Nazi demonstrations, and Hitler had the Nazis invade. Austria became part of the Third Reich.

4. Appeasement
a. what is appeasement? summarize the two phases:
i. A vague feeling that war should be avoided, not very strict
ii. The making of claims through negotiation rather than force.

b. how was it justified?
i. It was "essential" to avoid war.
ii. Many felt Germany and Italy had genuine sorrows.
iii. Chamberlain thought disputes should be settled by personal contact between leaders.
iv. Economic co-op between Britain and Germany was beneficial to both countries.
v. Fear of communism was great, it was believed Nazi Germany could be a buffer against its spread.
vi. Britain was totally unprepared for a full-scale war.

c. what was the role of appeasement leading up to WWII?
i. No action was taken to check German rearmament
ii. The Anglo-German Naval agreement was signed
iii. Action against the Abyssinian invasion was half-hearted
iv. The French did not mobilize their troops
v. Neither Britain nor France intervened in the Spanish Civil War.
vi. Many Britians saw the Anschluss as the natural union of two German groups.

5. Munich to the outbreak of war
a. Czechoslovakia - what were the three steps to the conquest of Czechoslovakia?
i. The Propaganda Campaign in the Sutenland
ii. The Munich Conference
iii. The Destruction of Czechoslovakia

b. Poland - what were the two steps to the conquest of Poland?
i. Hitler demanded the return of Danzig
ii. Hitler invaded Poland